The Prizes are awarded in the subject areas:

literature, moral sciences, and the arts;
physical, mathematical, and natural sciences, and medicine;
humanities, peace, and fraternity among peoples.

The four subject areas, two in literature, the moral sciences, and the arts, and two in the physical, mathematical, and natural sciences, and medicine, change every year. No more than four prizes may be awarded in any one year.

As stipulated in the Articles of the Foundation, the frequency of the special Prize for Humanity, Peace, and Fraternity among Peoples is normally at intervals of no less than three years.

More information: https://www.balzan.org/en/